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9 Such cases of forced labour have been documented in electronics factories supplying major brands such as Apple, Acer, HP, and Sony, among many others. These jobs are disguised as “internships” but are usually simple production line jobs. 8 Students from vocational courses are reportedly forced to work in the electronics manufacturing sector under the threat of failing to graduate if they decline. 7Īmong the many manufacturing industries, the electronics sector has been under particular scrutiny since it was revealed that employees of Chinese electronics manufacturing giant Foxconn , which produced parts for Apple’s iPhone, were allegedly subjected to exploitative working conditions. 6 Also in 2016, police rescued six disabled people from forced labour in a brick factory in Yunnan, where they had been forced to do physically hard work without pay. They also had their passports and mobile phones confiscated if they attempted to run away. 5 In 2016, cases of forced child labour were detected in a garment factory in Changshu, Jiangsu Province, where underage workers were forced to work overtime and beaten if they refused. Although there are indications of a larger-scale problem, forced labour remains underreported in the local media. 4 Forced labour mainly occurs in the production of these goods, including in the manufacturing and construction sectors, as well as in more informal industries, such as brick kilns. Much of its rapid economic development has been the result of a domestic economy specialising in the production of labour-intensive, cheap goods for export. China is now the second largest economy 2 as well as the second largest importer 3 in the world. 1 Forced labourĬhina’s meteoric economic rise over the past half century is a striking example of the transformative power of the market economy. The government convicted 435 individuals for sex trafficking, 19 individuals for labour trafficking, and 1,302 individuals were convicted in cases in which the type of exploitation was unclear. In one investigation, the Chinese government reportedly arrested 464 suspects who were involved in labour trafficking of disabled victims. Of those cases, 45 were suspected cases of forced labour, involving the arrest of 74 suspects. In 2016, MPS reported investigating 1,004 cases of human trafficking and arresting 2,036 suspects. The Chinese Ministry of Public Security (MPS) publishes some data on trafficking-related investigations and convictions. This estimate does not include figures on organ trafficking. The Global Slavery Index estimates that on any given day in 2016 there were over 3.8 million people living in conditions of modern slavery in China, a prevalence of 2.8 victims for every thousand people in the country.